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30 August 2006

Impacts of coastal development on seagrass beds

by Roger, onboard the Rainbow Warrior in the Mediterranean sea.


Eroding edge of damaged seagrass
bed. ©Greenpeace/Roger Grace
Seagrass beds are a common feature of shallow seas around much of the Mediterranean, and serve important functions as nursery areas, production of organic matter near the beginning of the food chain, and helping protect the seabed from erosion and sediment movement. They also provide a special habitat for small animals and plants which live amongst the fronds of the seagrass, particularly down near the base.


Fresh silt over fine sand
©Greenpeace/Roger Grace
In recent years rampant development of the coastlines for hotels, holiday homes, marinas and ports is having a serious impact on seagrass beds, substantially reducing them in area in some places. Increasing numbers of boats is also having an impact because anchors damage the seagrass bed, breaking a hole in the otherwise continuous cover of seagrass which helps to hold the bed together.

When a hole is made with an anchor, the edges of the hole become unstable and continue to erode, eventually leading to remnants of seagrass sitting up on muddy pedestals, with open sandy areas between. In the worst areas seagrass beds have disappeared altogether, causing serious loss of biodiversity and loss of habitat for some species.

   

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